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Effects of Acute Stroke Serum on Non-Ischemic Cerebral and Mesenteric Vascular Function. We investigated the effects of circulating factors in serum obtained from patients in the acute phase of different subtypes of ischemic stroke on non-ischemic cerebral and mesenteric arteries, as a potential mechanism involved in influencing regional perfusion and thus clinical evolution. Posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs) and mesentery arteries (MAs) isolated from Wistar Kyoto rats were perfused with serum from acute stroke patients with large vessel disease without (LVD) or with hypertension (LVD + HTN), cardioembolism with hypertension (CE + HTN), or physiologic saline as controls. Myogenic activity and nitric oxide-dependent vasorelaxation were assessed after 2 h of intraluminal exposure to serum. Vascular function was differentially affected by sera. Exposure to LVD serum increased myogenic tone and produced endothelial dysfunction in both PCAs and MAs. However, CE + HTN serum increased tone and decreased smooth muscle sensitivity to NO in vessels from both vascular beds. LVD + HTN serum was associated with reduced smooth muscle sensitivity to NO in vessels from both vascular beds but increased tone only in PCAs. Inflammation and oxidative stress, determined by measurement of high sensitivity C-reactive protein, uric acid, and free 8-isoprostane, were enhanced in all the serum groups. These results demonstrate vasoactive properties of acute stroke serum related to stroke subtypes that could potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of early hemodynamic-based clinical events.