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Familial psychological factors are associated with encopresis. BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess maternal psychiatric symptoms, family functioning and parenting styles in children with encopresis. METHODS: Forty-one children with encopresis were compared to 29 children without any psychiatric disorder. RESULTS: Higher maternal psychiatric symptoms were found in children with encopresis. The general family functioning and strictness/supervision in parenting were significant predictors of encopresis. CONCLUSIONS: Family functioning may be screened in children with encopresis, especially when standard interventions have had limited success. Identification and treatment of familial factors may enhance the treatment efficacy in encopresis.