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Female Pelvic Fistulae. Female pelvic fistulae are a pathologic connection between the urinary or gastrointestinal tract and the genital tract. Although this condition has been present for millennia, successful surgical treatments have only been described for the past few hundred years. In developed nations, the most common cause of genitourinary fistulae is benign gynecologic surgery, but worldwide it is obstetric trauma. Fistulae management is rooted in surgical intervention with the highest probability of success associated with the first repair.