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Urinary incontinence in women: state of the art and medical treatment. INTRODUCTION: Urinary incontinence, the involuntary loss of urine, is a common condition that affects approximately 50% of adult women. This condition increases with age, affecting 10% to 20% of all women and up to 77% of elderly women residing in nursing homes. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Systematic data search performed using PubMed/MEDLINE database up to July 20, 2020. Focus was only for English language publications of original studies on urinary incontinence. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Given the basis of published evidence and the consensus of European experts, this study provides an updated overview on clinical applications and surgical procedures of urinary incontinence. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary incontinence is an underestimated health problem. Patients need an overview of their health condition through a detailed anamnestic collection and physical examination to identify the type of incontinence and offer the best treatment.