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Kidney keratins: cytoskeletal stress responders with biomarker potential. Keratins are cytoskeletal filamentous proteins that support the structural integrity of epithelial cells. Deficiency of the major simple epithelial keratins K8, K18, and K19 increases susceptibility to hepatobiliary injury, but keratin function in kidney injury has not been addressed. Djudjaj et al. examined renal keratins in health and disease, in both mice and humans. Their findings lay the foundation for pursuing keratins as markers and regulators of renal tubular epithelial injury.