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ROHHAD Syndrome: The Girl who Forgets to Breathe. BACKGROUND: ROHHAD syndrome is an exceedingly rare cause of central hypoventilation. CASE CHARACTERISTICS: A 7-year-old girl with ROHHAD syndrome who had central hypoventilation, rapid weight gain, multiple cardiac arrests and hyperprolactinemia. OUTCOME: She required prolonged and repeated ventilation, and finally died due to complications of ventilation. MESSAGE: ROHHAD Syndrome should be suspected in any child who presents with obesity, behavioral changes or autonomic instability following a neural crest tumor.