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Infantile Achalasia Cardia. BACKGROUND: Achalasia is extremely rare in infants. CASE CHARACTERISTICS: We report three infants of age 9, 7 and 12 months, who presented with recurrent non-bilious vomiting, repeated chest infection and severe failure to thrive. Diagnosis of achalasia cardia was confirmed on contrast-swallow study. Hellers cardiomyotomy with fundoplication led to complete symptomatic relief, and weight-gain on follow-up. MESSAGE: Achalasia cardia is often misdiagnosed as gastroesophageal reflux disease which leads to significant delay in diagnosis and increased morbidity.