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Chinese Siblings with Prader-Willi Syndrome Inherited from Their Paternal Grandmother. BACKGROUND: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex neurobehavioral disorder caused by failure of expression of paternally inherited genes in the PWS region of chromosome 15. CASE CHARACTERISTICS: Two siblings who both met the inclusion criteria for clinical diagnosis of PWS during neonatal period. OUTCOME: Molecular genetic analysis demonstrated a 417-kb microdeletion within the 15q11.2 region inherited from siblings' paternal grandmother, involving key genes of PWS, except for UBE3A, which may explain why their father and paternal grandmother had a normal phenotype. CONCLUSION: The findings may be helpful for better understanding of the underlying mechanism of this rare imprinting defect.