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Diabetes Medications and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. INTRODUCTION: Patients with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of developing adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. The evidence relating to the effects of glucose-lowering medications on CV outcomes is of variable quality and there are numerous trials ongoing. RESULTS: In this review, we summarise the available literature on CV outcomes of the following diabetes treatments: metformin, the sulfonylureas, acarbose, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i), sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and insulin. CONCLUSIONS: Insulin is required if glucose levels are very high. Otherwise, metformin, acarbose, some GLP1 receptor agonists and one SGLT2i appear beneficial for CV outcomes.