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Radiation Pneumonitis. Radiation-induced lung injury is a well-known complication of thoracic radiation for patients with breast, lung, thymic, and esophageal malignancies, and mediastinal lymphomas. Improvements in radiation technique, as well as the understanding of the pathophysiology of radiation injury, have led to lower rates of pneumonitis and improved symptom control. Here, the authors provide an overview of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of patients with radiation pneumonitis as a complication of treatment of chest malignancies.