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Noninvasive Ventilation for Neuromuscular Disease. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is standard practice for patients with neuromuscular respiratory failure. The interface distinguishes noninvasive from invasive ventilation. Interfaces are commercially available in a variety of styles and sizes. There are now available portable ventilators with good leak compensation and with a variety of modes. Although much has been written about the technical aspects of interfaces and ventilators, the initiation of NIV is an art. Selection of an appropriate interface and ventilator settings requires a close working relationship between clinicians, patients, and families.