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Breastfeeding in African Americans may not depend on sleep arrangement: a mixed-methods study. BACKGROUND: Despite high bedsharing rates, breastfeeding rates are low among African Americans. OBJECTIVE: Describe the association between breastfeeding and bedsharing; elucidate barriers to breastfeeding in African Americans. METHODS: African American mothers with infants <6 months were recruited for this cross-sectional, mixed-methods study and completed an infant care practices survey. A subgroup participated in focus groups or individual interviews. RESULTS: A total of 412 completed the survey; 83 participated in a focus group or interview. Lower socioeconomic status mothers were more likely to breastfeed exclusively or at all if they bedshared (P = .02 and P = .01, respectively). Bedsharing was not associated with breastfeeding among higher socioeconomic status mothers. Breast pain, lack of support, and maternal skepticism about breastfeeding benefits were barriers; the latter was a recurrent theme among nonbreastfeeding mothers. CONCLUSIONS: While bedsharing is associated with breastfeeding in lower socioeconomic groups, it is not in higher socioeconomic African American groups. Skepticism about breastfeeding benefits may contribute to low breastfeeding rates in African Americans.