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Reducing Maternal Mortality and Severe Maternal Morbidity: The Role of Critical Care. Throughout most of the 20th century, the risk of maternal mortality in high resource countries decreased dramatically; however, this trend recently has stalled in the United States and appears to have reversed. Equally alarming is that for every reported maternal death, there are numerous severe maternal morbidities or near misses. Shifting maternal demographics (eg, obesity, advanced maternal age, multifetal pregnancies), with attendant significant medical comorbidities (eg, hypertension, diabetes, cardiac disease) and the increase in cesarean deliveries significantly contribute to increased maternal morbidity and mortality. This chapter focuses on the role of critical care in reducing maternal mortality and morbidity.