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Prenatal Gene Therapy. Prenatal gene therapy could provide a cure for many monogenic diseases. Prenatal gene therapy has multiple potential advantages over postnatal therapy, including treating before the onset of disease, the ability to induce tolerance and cross the blood-brain barrier. In this chapter, we will describe in utero gene therapy and its rationale, clinical trials of postnatal gene therapy, preclinical studies of in utero gene therapy, and potential risks to the mother and fetus.