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Endometriosis and Fertility Preservation. Endometriosis is common, affecting 5% to 10% of reproductive age women. Nearly half of women with surgical evidence of endometriosis fail to achieve spontaneous pregnancy. Surgical treatment of endometriosis can be detrimental to ovarian reserve. In the absence of surgical intervention, ovarian reserve may still be negatively impacted over time. Fertility preservation was developed for women requiring gonadotoxic treatments. Improved methods have led to greater consideration of offering these services to women with other disease processes that threaten ovarian reserve. This chapter will present the debate regarding use of fertility preservation in management of endometriosis, and outline the need for further studies.