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Recent progress in gastric cancer prevention. Gastric cancer remains a major challenge to public health on a global scale, causing the loss of 19 million disability-adjusted life years worldwide in 2017. The future burden will increase due to population growth and ageing. Considering its absolute burden and persisting disparities, in addition to the substantial prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection worldwide that is treatable, gastric cancer is a logical target for urgent global action for prevention. In this review, we discuss recent progress in gastric cancer prevention and propose a concerted international effort to implement population-based H. pylori treatment programmes, as the best evidence-based strategy that is currently available for gastric cancer prevention, in the context of demonstration projects in selected populations, to be later scaled up. It is time for urgent action to reduce the important loss of life and productivity caused by this preventable malignancy.