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De novo and recurrent malignancy. Cancer is an important cause of morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation and can occur through three mechanisms: recurrence of a recipient's pre-transplant malignancy, donor-related transmission and de novo development. Currently, the decision to list a patient with a history of malignancy is an individual one. Screening guidelines for potential donors and for recipients after transplant are still widely based on general population guidelines, while the role of chronic immunosuppression remains controversial. These shortcomings mean that patients present at diagnosis with advanced stages of the disease, often precluding curative treatments. The present review summarizes current recommendations for the screening of recipients and donors for pre- and post-transplant malignancies, and current management of recipients who develop cancer after a liver transplant.