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Bladder calculus leading to acute renal failure in a girl child: a rare cause. A 10-year-old girl presented with acute renal failure (ARF) with a serum creatinine of 7.5 mg/dL. Imaging showed bilateral hydroureteronephrosis and a large bladder stone (75×55 mm). The large bladder stone was probably the aetiology of bilateral hydronephroureter and ARF as no other cause could be found. An open cystolithotomy was performed. Ten days after the surgery, serum creatinine decreased to 0.7 mg/dL. In this report, we highlight an unusual cause of renal failure.