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Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is very common but is frequently undiagnosed. Symptoms include loud snoring, nocturnal awakening, and daytime sleepiness. Motor vehicle accidents due to drowsy driving are a particular concern. Evaluation and treatment should focus on symptomatic patients, both to alleviate symptoms and to potentially decrease cardiovascular risk. In recent years, a strategy of home sleep apnea testing followed by initiation of autotitrating continuous positive airway pressure therapy in the home has greatly reduced barriers to diagnosis and treatment and has also facilitated routine management of OSA by primary care providers.