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Hematologic Disorders. The hematologic system is responsible for several of the body's most critical functions, including delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues, clearance of toxic metabolic byproducts, defense against offending pathogens, and maintenance of hemostasis in the setting of trauma. Its exquisite complexity is difficult to overstate and poses a great challenge to review in short form. This article provides highlights and clinical pearls in managing patients suffering from some of the most common hematologic afflictions encountered in the perioperative setting.